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the trick here is that sigaction can track for us which signals have
ever had a signal handler set for them, and only those signals need to
be considered for reset. this tracking mask may have false positives,
since it is impossible to remove bits from it without race conditions.
false negatives are not possible since the mask is updated with atomic
operations prior to making the sigaction syscall.
implementation-internal signals are set to SIG_IGN rather than SIG_DFL
so that a signal raised in the parent (e.g. calling pthread_cancel on
the thread executing pthread_spawn) does not have any chance make it
to the child, where it would cause spurious termination by signal.
this change reduces the minimum/typical number of syscalls in the
child from around 70 to 4 (including execve). this should greatly
improve the performance of posix_spawn and other interfaces which use
it (popen and system).
to facilitate these changes, sigismember is also changed to return 0
rather than -1 for invalid signals, and to return the actual status of
implementation-internal signals. POSIX allows but does not require an
error on invalid signal numbers, and in fact returning an error tends
to confuse applications which wrongly assume the return value of
sigismember is boolean.
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the new approach relies on the fact that the only ways to create
sigset_t objects without invoking UB are to use the sig*set()
functions, or from the masks returned by sigprocmask, sigaction, etc.
or in the ucontext_t argument to a signal handler. thus, as long as
sigfillset and sigaddset avoid adding the "protected" signals, there
is no way the application will ever obtain a sigset_t including these
bits, and thus no need to add the overhead of checking/clearing them
when sigprocmask or sigaction is called.
note that the old code actually *failed* to remove the bits from
sa_mask when sigaction was called.
the new implementations are also significantly smaller, simpler, and
faster due to ignoring the useless "GNU HURD signals" 65-1024, which
are not used and, if there's any sanity in the world, never will be
used.
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