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addressing &out[k].sa was arguably undefined, despite &out[k] being
defined the slot one past the end of an array, since the member access
.sa is intervening between the [] operator and the & operator.
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the backindex stored by getaddrinfo to allow freeaddrinfo to perform
partial-free wrongly used the address result index, rather than the
output slot index, and thus was only valid when they were equal
(nservs==1).
patch based on report with proposed fix by Markus Wichmann.
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previously, dynamic loading of new libraries with thread-local storage
allocated the storage needed for all existing threads at load-time,
precluding late failure that can't be handled, but left installation
in existing threads to take place lazily on first access. this imposed
an additional memory access and branch on every dynamic tls access,
and imposed a requirement, which was not actually met, that the
dynamic tlsdesc asm functions preserve all call-clobbered registers
before calling C code to to install new dynamic tls on first access.
the x86[_64] versions of this code wrongly omitted saving and
restoring of fpu/vector registers, assuming the compiler would not
generate anything using them in the called C code. the arm and aarch64
versions saved known existing registers, but failed to be future-proof
against expansion of the register file.
now that we track live threads in a list, it's possible to install the
new dynamic tls for each thread at dlopen time. for the most part,
synchronization is not needed, because if a thread has not
synchronized with completion of the dlopen, there is no way it can
meaningfully request access to a slot past the end of the old dtv,
which remains valid for accessing slots which already existed.
however, it is necessary to ensure that, if a thread sees its new dtv
pointer, it sees correct pointers in each of the slots that existed
prior to the dlopen. my understanding is that, on most real-world
coherency architectures including all the ones we presently support, a
built-in consume order guarantees this; however, don't rely on that.
instead, the SYS_membarrier syscall is used to ensure that all threads
see the stores to the slots of their new dtv prior to the installation
of the new dtv. if it is not supported, the same is implemented in
userspace via signals, using the same mechanism as __synccall.
the __tls_get_addr function, variants, and dynamic tlsdesc asm
functions are all updated to remove the fallback paths for claiming
new dynamic tls, and are now all branch-free.
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access to clear the entry in each thread's tsd array for the key being
deleted was not synchronized with __pthread_tsd_run_dtors. I probably
made this mistake from a mistaken belief that the thread list lock was
held during the latter, which of course is not possible since it
executes application code in a still-live-thread context.
while we're at it, expand the interval during which signals are
blocked to cover taking the write lock on key_lock, so that a signal
at an inopportune time doesn't block forward progress of readers.
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commit 84d061d5a31c9c773e29e1e2b1ffe8cb9557bc58 inadvertently
introduced namespace violations by using the pthread-namespace rwlock
functions in pthread_key_create, which is in turn used for C11 tss.
fix that and possible future uses of rwlocks elsewhere.
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with the availability of the thread list, there is no need to mark tsd
key slots dirty and clean them up only when a free slot can't be
found. instead, directly iterate threads and clear any value
associated with the key being deleted.
no synchronization is necessary for the clearing, since there is no
way the slot can be accessed without having synchronized with the
creation of a new key occupying the same slot, which is already
sequenced after and synchronized with the deletion of the old key.
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the __synccall mechanism provides stop-the-world synchronous execution
of a callback in all threads of the process. it is used to implement
multi-threaded setuid/setgid operations, since Linux lacks them at the
kernel level, and for some other less-critical purposes.
this change eliminates dependency on /proc/self/task to determine the
set of live threads, which in addition to being an unwanted dependency
and a potential point of resource-exhaustion failure, turned out to be
inaccurate. test cases provided by Alexey Izbyshev showed that it
could fail to reflect newly created threads. due to how the
presignaling phase worked, this usually yielded a deadlock if hit, but
in the worst case it could also result in threads being silently
missed (allowed to continue running without executing the callback).
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the hard problem here is unlinking threads from a list when they exit
without creating a window of inconsistency where the kernel task for a
thread still exists and is still executing instructions in userspace,
but is not reflected in the list. the magic solution here is getting
rid of per-thread exit futex addresses (set_tid_address), and instead
using the exit futex to unlock the global thread list.
since pthread_join can no longer see the thread enter a detach_state
of EXITED (which depended on the exit futex address pointing to the
detach_state), it must now observe the unlocking of the thread list
lock before it can unmap the joined thread and return. it doesn't
actually have to take the lock. for this, a __tl_sync primitive is
offered, with a signature that will allow it to be enhanced for quick
return even under contention on the lock, if needed. for now, the
exiting thread always performs a futex wake on its detach_state. a
future change could optimize this out except when there is already a
joiner waiting.
initial/dynamic variants of detached state no longer need to be
tracked separately, since the futex address is always set to the
global list lock, not a thread-local address that could become invalid
on detached thread exit. all detached threads, however, must perform a
second sigprocmask syscall to block implementation-internal signals,
since locking the thread list with them already blocked is not
permissible.
the arch-independent C version of __unmapself no longer needs to take
a lock or setup its own futex address to release the lock, since it
must necessarily be called with the thread list lock already held,
guaranteeing exclusive access to the temporary stack.
changes to libc.threads_minus_1 no longer need to be atomic, since
they are guarded by the thread list lock. it is largely vestigial at
this point, and can be replaced with a cheaper boolean indicating
whether the process is multithreaded at some point in the future.
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whether signals need to be blocked at thread start, and whether
unblocking is necessary in the entry point function, has historically
depended on intricacies of the cancellation design and on whether
there are scheduling operations to perform on the new thread before
its successful creation can be committed. future changes to track an
AS-safe list of live threads will require signals to be blocked
whenever changes are made to the list, so ...
prior to commits b8742f32602add243ee2ce74d804015463726899 and
40bae2d32fd6f3ffea437fa745ad38a1fe77b27e, a signal mask for the entry
function to restore was part of the pthread structure. it was removed
to trim down the size of the structure, which both saved a small
amount of stack space and improved code generation on archs where
small immediate displacements are less costly than arbitrary ones, by
limiting the range of offsets between the base of the thread
structure, its members, and the thread pointer. these commits moved
the saved mask to a special structure used only when special
scheduling was needed, in which case the pthread_create caller and new
thread had to synchronize with each other and could use this memory to
pass a mask.
this commit partially reverts the above two commits, but instead of
putting the mask back in the pthread structure, it moves all "start
argument" members out of the pthread structure, trimming it down
further, and puts them in a separate structure passed on the new
thread's stack. the code path for explicit scheduling of the new
thread is also changed to synchronize with the calling thread in such
a way to avoid spurious futex wakes.
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this eliminates some ugly hacks that were repurposing the start
function and start argument fields in the pthread structure for timer
use, and the need to longjmp out of a signal handler.
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__dl_thread_cleanup is called from the context of an exiting thread
that is not in a consistent state valid for calling application code.
since commit c9f415d7ea2dace5bf77f6518b6afc36bb7a5732, it's possible
(and supported usage) for the allocator to have been replaced by the
application, so __dl_thread_cleanup can no longer call free. instead,
reuse the message buffer as a linked-list pointer, and queue it to be
freed the next time any dynamic linker error message is generated.
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the way gets was implemented in terms of fgets, it used the location
of the null termination to determine where to find and remove the
newline, if any. an embedded null byte prevented this from working.
this also fixes a one-byte buffer overflow, whereby when gets read an
N-byte line (not counting newline), it would store two null
terminators for a total of N+2 bytes. it's unlikely that anyone would
care that a function whose use is pretty much inherently a buffer
overflow writes too much, but it could break the only possible correct
uses of this function, in conjunction with input of known format from
a trusted/same-privilege-domain source, where the buffer length may
have been selected to exactly match a line length contract.
there seems to be no correct way to implement gets in terms of a
single call to fgets or scanf, and using multiple calls would require
explicit locking, so we might as well just write the logic out
explicitly character-at-a-time. this isn't fast, but nobody cares if a
catastrophically unsafe function that's so bad it was removed from the
C language is fast.
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in order to implement ENOTRECOVERABLE, the implementation has
traditionally used a bit of the mutex type field to indicate that it's
recovered after EOWNERDEAD and will go into ENOTRECOVERABLE state if
pthread_mutex_consistent is not called before unlocking. while it's
only the thread that holds the lock that needs access to this
information (except possibly for the sake of pthread_mutex_consistent
choosing between EINVAL and EPERM for erroneous calls), the change to
the type field is formally a data race with all other threads that
perform any operation on the mutex. no individual bits race, and no
write races are possible, so things are "okay" in some sense, but it's
still not good.
this patch moves the recovery/consistency state to the mutex
owner/lock field which is rightfully mutable. bit 30, the same bit the
kernel uses with a zero owner to indicate that the previous owner died
holding the lock, is now used with a nonzero owner to indicate that
the mutex is held but has not yet been marked consistent. note that
the kernel ABI also reserves bit 29 not to appear in any tid, so the
sentinel value we use for ENOTRECOVERABLE, 0x7fffffff, does not clash
with any tid plus bit 30.
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fdopendir is specified to fail with EBADF if the file descriptor
passed is not open for reading. while O_PATH is an extension and
arguably exempt from this requirement, it's used, albeit incompletely,
to implement O_SEARCH, and fdopendir should fail when passed an
O_SEARCH file descriptor.
the new check is performed after fstat so that we don't have to
consider the possibility that the fd is invalid.
an alternate solution would be attempting to pre-fill the buffer using
getdents, which would fail with EBADF for us, but that seems more
complex and error-prone and involves either code duplication or
refactoring, so the simple fix with an additional inexpensive syscall
is what I've made for now.
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Some packages call gettext to format a message to be sent to perror.
If the currently set user locale points to a non-existent .mo file,
open via __map_file in dcngettext will set errno to ENOENT.
Maintainer's notes: Non-modification of errno is a documented part of
the interface contract for the GNU version of this function and likely
other versions. The issue being fixed here seems to be a regression
from commit 1b52863e244ecee5b5935b6d36bb9e6efe84c035, which enabled
setting of errno from __map_file.
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