the change to support passing null was rejected in the past on the grounds that GNU gettext documented it as undefined, on an assumption that only glibc accepted it and that the standalone GNU gettext did not. but it turned out that both explicitly accept it. in light of this, since some software assumes null can be passed safely, allow it.
newlocale and freelocale use __libc_malloc and __libc_free, but duplocale used malloc. If malloc was replaced, this resulted in invalid free using the wrong allocator when passing the result of duplocale to freelocale. Instead, use libc-internal malloc for duplocale. This bug was introduced by commit 1e4204d522670a1d8b8ab85f1cfefa960547e8af.
To comply with POSIX, change errno from EACCES to EPERM when the caller did not have the required privilege.
This reduces entropy of the canary from 64-bit to 56-bit in exchange for mitigating non-terminated C string overflows by setting the second byte of the canary to nul, so that off-by-one write overflow with a nul byte can still be detected. Idea from GrapheneOS bionic commit 7024d880b51f03a796ff8832f1298f2f1531fd7b
gcc-12 with -frounding-mode will do inexact constant conversions at runtime according to the runtime rounding mode. in the math library we want constants to be rounding mode independent so this patch fixes cases where new runtime conversions happen with gcc-12. fortunately this only affects two minor cases, the fix uses global initializers where rounding mode does not apply. after the patch the same amount of conversions happen with gcc-12 as with gcc-11.
commit a90d9da1d1b14d81c4f93e1a6d1a686c3312e4ba made fgetws look for changes to errno by fgetwc to detect encoding errors, since ISO C did not allow the implementation to set the stream's error flag in this case, and the fgetwc interface did not admit any other way to detect the error. however, the possibility of fgetwc setting errno to EILSEQ in the success path was overlooked, and in fact this can happen if the buffer ends with a partial character, causing mbtowc to be called with only part of the character available. since that change was made, the C standard was amended to specify that fgetwc set the stream error flag on encoding errors, and commit 511d70738bce11a67219d0132ce725c323d00e4e made it do so. thus, there is no longer any need for fgetws to poke at errno to handle encoding errors. this commit reverts commit a90d9da1d1b14d81c4f93e1a6d1a686c3312e4ba and thereby fixes the problem.
this bug goes back to commit 1cc81f5cb0df2b66a795ff0c26d7bbc4d16e13c6 where zoneinfo file support was first added. in scan_trans, which searches for the appropriate local time/dst rule in effect at a given time, times prior to the second transition time caused the -1 slot of the index to be read to determine the previous rule in effect. this memory was always valid (part of another zoneinfo table in the mapped file) but the byte value read was then used to index another table, possibly going outside the bounds of the mmap. most of the time, the result was limited to misinterpretation of the rule in effect at that time (pre-1900s), but it could produce a crash if adjacent memory was not readable. the root cause of the problem, however, was that the logic for this code path was all wrong. as documented in the comment, times before the first transition should be treated as using the lowest-numbered non-dst rule, or rule 0 if no non-dst rules exist. if the argument is in units of local time, however, the rule prior to the first transition is needed to determine if it falls before or after it, and that's where the -1 index was wrongly used. instead, use the documented logic to find out what rule would be in effect before the first transition, and apply it as the offset if the argument was given in local time. the new code has not been heavily tested, but no longer performs potentially out-of-bounds accesses, and successfully handles the 1883 transition from local mean time to central standard time in the test case the error was reported for.
these are specified to use the sign of the imaginary part of the input as the sign of zero in the result, but wrongly copied the sign of the real part.
this is a POSIX requirement. we previously relied on the underlying fd (or other backend) seek operation to produce the error, but since linux lseek now supports other seek modes (SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE) which do not interact well with stdio buffering, this is insufficient. instead, explicitly check whence before performing any operations.