since there is no easy way to detect whether open honored or ignored the O_CLOEXEC flag, the optimal solution to providing a fallback is simply to make the fcntl syscall to set the close-on-exec flag immediately after open returns.
this condition could only happen due to malloc failure. the fdopen operation is also moved to take place after the unlink to minimize the window during which a link to the file exists in the directory table.
the old implementation preallocated a buffer in order to try to avoid calling vsnprintf more than once. not only did this potentially lead to memory fragmentation from trimming with realloc; it also pulled in realloc/free, which otherwise might not be needed in a static linked program.
CONCAT(0x1p,LDBL_MANT_DIG) is not safe outside of libc, use 2/LDBL_EPSILON instead. fix was proposed by Morten Welinder.
such archs are expected to omit definitions of the SYS_* macros for syscalls their kernels lack from arch/$ARCH/bits/syscall.h. the preprocessor is then able to select the an appropriate implementation for affected functions. two basic strategies are used on a case-by-case basis: where the old syscalls correspond to deprecated library-level functions, the deprecated functions have been converted to wrappers for the modern function, and the modern function has fallback code (omitted at the preprocessor level on new archs) to make use of the old syscalls if the new syscall fails with ENOSYS. this also improves functionality on older kernels and eliminates the incentive to program with deprecated library-level functions for the sake of compatibility with older kernels. in other situations where the old syscalls correspond to library-level functions which are not deprecated but merely lack some new features, such as the *at functions, the old syscalls are still used on archs which support them. this may change at some point in the future if or when fallback code is added to the new functions to make them usable (possibly with reduced functionality) on old kernels.
these all now use the shared __randname function internally, rather than duplicating logic for producing a random name. incorrect usage of the access syscall (which works with real uid/gid, not effective) has been removed, along with unnecessary heavy dependencies like snprintf.
open is handled specially because it is used from so many places, in so many variants (2 or 3 arguments, setting errno or not, and cancellable or not). trying to do it as a function would not only increase bloat, but would also risk subtle breakage. this is the first step towards supporting "new" archs where linux lacks "old" syscalls.
the subsequent rounding code assumes the end pointer (z) accurately reflects the end of significance in the decimal expansion, but for certain large integers, spurious trailing zero slots were left behind when applying the binary exponent. issue reported by Morten Welinder; the analysis of the cause was performed by nsz, who also proposed this change.
the code to strip trailing zeros was only looking in the last slot for up to 9 zeros, assuming that the rounding code had already removed fully-zero slots from the end. however, this ignored cases where the rounding code did not run at all, which occur when the value being printed is exactly representable in the requested precision. the simplest solution is to move the code that strips trailing zero slots to run unconditionally, immediately after rounding, rather than as the last step of rounding.