because struct stat is no longer assumed to correspond to the
structure used by the stat-family syscalls, it's not valid to make any
of these syscalls directly using a buffer of type struct stat.

commit 9493892021eac4edf1776d945bcdd3f7a96f6978 moved all logic around
this change for stat-family functions into fstatat.c, making the
others wrappers for it. but a few other direct uses of the syscall
were overlooked. the ones in tmpnam/tempnam are harmless since the
syscalls are just used to test for file existence. however, the uses
in fchmodat and __map_file depend on getting accurate file properties,
and these functions may actually have been broken one or more mips
variants due to removal of conversion hacks from syscall_arch.h.

as a low-risk fix, simply use struct kstat in place of struct stat in
the affected places.

here _REDIR_TIME64 is used as an indication that there's an old ABI,
and thereby the old time32 timespec fields of struct stat.

keeping struct stat compatible and providing both versions of the
timespec fields is done so that ftw/nftw does not need painful compat
shims, and (more importantly) so that similar interfaces between pairs
of libc consumers (applications/libraries) will be less likely to
break when one has been rebuilt for time64 but the other has not.

these functions cannot provide the glibc lfs64-ABI-compatible symbols
when time_t differs from what it was in that ABI. instead, the aliases
need to be provided by the time32 compat shims or through some other
mechanism.

time64 syscall is used only if it's the only one defined for the arch,
or if either of the requested times does not fit in 32 bits. care is
taken to normalize the inputs to account for UTIME_NOW or UTIME_OMIT
in tv_nsec, in which case tv_sec should be ignored. this is needed not
only to avoid spurious time64 syscalls that might waste time failing
with ENOSYS, but also to accurately decide whether fallback is
possible.

if the requested time cannot be represented, the function fails with
ENOTSUP, defined in general as "The implementation does not support
the requested feature or value". neither the time64 syscall, nor this
error, can happen on current 32-bit archs where time_t is a 32-bit
type, and both are statically unreachable.

on 64-bit archs, there are only superficial changes to the
SYS_futimesat fallback path, which has been modified to pass long[4]
instead of struct timeval[2] to the kernel, making it suitable for use
on 32-bit archs even once time_t is changed to 64-bit. for 32-bit
archs, the call to SYS_utimensat has also been changed to copy the
timespecs through an array of long[4] rather than passing the
timespec[2] in-place.

previously the fallback wrongly failed with EINVAL rather than ENOSYS
when UTIME_NOW was used with one component but not both. commit
dd5f50da6f6c3df5647e922e47f8568a8896a752 introduced this behavior when
initially adding the fallback support.

instead, detect the case where both are UTIME_NOW early and replace
with a null times pointer; this may improve performance slightly (less
copy from user), and removes the complex logic from the fallback case.
it also makes things slightly simpler for adding time64 code paths.

commit 01ae3fc6d48f4a45535189b7a6db286535af08ca modified fstatat to
translate the kernel's struct stat ("kstat") into the libc struct stat.
To do this, it created a local kstat object, and copied its contents
into the user-provided object.

However, the commit neglected to update the fstat compatibility path and
its fallbacks. They continued to pass the user-supplied object to the
kernel, later overwiting it with the uninitialized memory in the local
temporary.

commit dfc81828f7ab41da08f744c44117a1bb20a05749 accidentally defined
an instance of struct statx along with the struct declaration.

this commit adds a new backend for fstatat (and thereby the whole stat
family) using the SYS_statx syscall, but conditions the new code on
the kernel stat structure's time fields being smaller than time_t. in
principle that should make it all dead code at present, but mips64 has
a broken stat structure with 32-bit time fields despite having 64-bit
time_t elsewhere, so on mips64 it is a functional change that makes
post-Y2038 filesystem timestamps accessible.

whenever the 32-bit archs end up getting 64-bit time_t, regardless of
how that happens, the changes in this commit will automatically take
effect for them too.

AT_FDCWD is not a valid file descriptor, so POSIX requires fstat to
fail with EBADF. if passed to fstatat, the call would spuriously
succeed and return results for the working directory.