this avoids the need for implementation-internal callers to depend on the nonstandard AT_EMPTY_PATH extension to use __fstatat and isolates knowledge of that extension to the implementation of __fstat.
this makes it so we can drop direct stat syscall use in interfaces that can't use the POSIX namespace.
we make qsort a wrapper by providing a wrapper_cmp function that uses the extra argument as a function pointer. should be optimized to a tail call on most architectures, as long as it's built with -fomit-frame-pointer, so the performance impact should be minimal. to keep the git history clean, for now qsort_r is implemented in qsort.c and qsort is implemented in qsort_nr.c. qsort.c also received a few trivial cleanups, including replacing (*cmp)() calls with cmp(). qsort_nr.c contains only wrapper_cmp and qsort as a qsort_r wrapper itself.
allowing the application to replace malloc (since commit c9f415d7ea2dace5bf77f6518b6afc36bb7a5732) has brought multiple headaches where it's used from various critical sections in libc components. for example: - the thread-local message buffers allocated for dlerror can't be freed at thread exit time because application code would then run in the context of a non-existant thread. this was handled in commit aa5a9d15e09851f7b4a1668e9dbde0f6234abada by queuing them for free later. - the dynamic linker has to be careful not to pass memory allocated at early startup time (necessarily using its own malloc) to realloc or free after redoing relocations with the application and all libraries present. bugs in this area were fixed several times, at least in commits 0c5c8f5da6e36fe4ab704bee0cd981837859e23f and 2f1f51ae7b2d78247568e7fdb8462f3c19e469a4 and possibly others. - by calling the allocator from contexts where libc-internal locks are held, we impose undocumented requirements on alternate malloc implementations not to call into any libc function that might attempt to take these locks; if they do, deadlock results. - work to make fork of a multithreaded parent give the child an unrestricted execution environment is blocked by lock order issues as long as the application-provided allocator can be called with libc-internal locks held. these problems are all fixed by giving libc internals access to the original, non-replaced allocator, for use where needed. it can't be used everywhere, as some interfaces like str[n]dup, open_[w]memstream, getline/getdelim, etc. are required to provide the called memory obtained as if by (the public) malloc. and there are a number of libc interfaces that are "pure library" code, not part of some internal singleton, and where using the application's choice of malloc implementation is preferable -- things like glob, regex, etc. one might expect there to be significant cost to static-linked programs, pulling in two malloc implementations, one of them mostly-unused, if malloc is replaced. however, in almost all of the places where malloc is used internally, care has been taken already not to pull in realloc/free (i.e. to link with just the bump allocator). this size optimization carries over automatically. the newly-exposed internal allocator functions are obtained by renaming the actual definitions, then adding new wrappers around them with the public names. technically __libc_realloc and __libc_free could be aliases rather than needing a layer of wrapper, but this would almost surely break certain instrumentation (valgrind) and the size and performance difference is negligible. __libc_calloc needs to be handled specially since calloc is designed to work with either the internal or the replaced malloc. as a bonus, this change also eliminates the longstanding ugly dependency of the static bump allocator on order of object files in libc.a, by making it so there's only one definition of the malloc function and having it in the same source file as the bump allocator.
also fix the lack of declaration (and thus hidden visibility) in __stdio_close's use of __aio_close.
for namespace-safety with thrd_sleep, this requires an alias, which is also added. this eliminates all but one direct call point for nanosleep syscalls, and arranges that 64-bit time_t conversion logic will only need to exist in one file rather than three. as a bonus, clock_nanosleep with CLOCK_REALTIME and empty flags is now implemented as SYS_nanosleep, thereby working on older kernels that may lack POSIX clocks functionality.
this probably saves a few bytes, avoids duplicating the clunky lseek/_llseek syscall convention in two places, and sets the stage for fixing broken seeks on x32 and mipsn32.
In the public header, __errno_location is declared with the "const" attribute, conditional on __GNUC__. Ensure that its internal alias has the same attributes. Maintainer's note: This change also fixes a regression in quality of code generation -- multiple references to errno in a single function started generating multiple calls again -- introduced by commit e13063aad7aee341d278d2a879a76ec7b59b2ad8.
C11 removed the requirement that FILE be a complete type, which was deemed erroneous, as part of the changes introduced by N1439 regarding completeness of types (see footnote 6 for specific mention of FILE). however the current version of POSIX is still based on C99 and incorporates the old requirement that FILE be a complete type. expose an arbitrary, useless complete type definition because the actual object used to represent FILE streams cannot be public/ABI. thanks to commit 13d1afa46f8098df290008c681816c9eb89ffbdb, we now have a framework for suppressing the public complete-type definition of FILE when stdio.h is included internally, so that a different internal definition can be provided. this is perfectly well-defined, since the same struct tag can refer to different types in different translation units. it would be a problem if the implementation were accessing the application's FILE objects or vice versa, but either would be undefined behavior.
the motivation for this change is twofold. first, it gets the fallback logic out of the dynamic linker, improving code readability and organization. second, it provides application code that wants to use the membarrier syscall, which depends on preregistration of intent before the process becomes multithreaded unless unbounded latency is acceptable, with a symbol that, when linked, ensures that this registration happens.