introduced in linux v3.13, 482fc6094afad572a4ea1fd722e7b11ca72022a0
to mitigate dns cache poisoning via fragmentation

for High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) specified in IEC 62439-3
new in linux v3.13, f421436a591d34fa5279b54a96ac07d70250cc8d

another commit to silence gcc warnings (-Wparentheses) for standard headers.
changed macros: LOG_UPTO, IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL

the affected part of the header is responsible for providing both GNU
and BSD versions of the udphdr structure. previously, the
namespace-polluting GNU names were always used for the actual struct
members, and the BSD names, which are named in a manner resembling a
sane namespace, were always macros defined to expand to the GNU names.
now, unless _GNU_SOURCE is defined, the BSD names are used as the
actual structure members, and the macros and GNU names only come into
play when the application requests them.

policy is to avoid using these types except where they are needed for
namespace conformance. C99-style stdint.h types should be used
instead.

there are two versions of this structure: the BSD version and the GNU
version. previously only the GNU version was supported. the only way
to support both simultaneously is with an anonymous union, which was a
nonstandard extension prior to C11, so some effort is made to avoid
breakage with compilers which do not support anonymous unions.

this commit is based on a patch by Timo Teräs, but with some changes.
in particular, the GNU version of the structure is not exposed unless
_GNU_SOURCE is defined; this both avoids namespace pollution and
dependency on anonymous unions in the default feature profile.

the imr_, imsf_, ip6_, ip6m_, ipi_, ipi6_, SCM_, and SOL_ prefixes are
not in the reserved namespace for this header. thus the constants and
structures using them need to be protected under appropriate feature
test macros.

this also affects some headers which are permitted to include
netinet/in.h, particularly netdb.h and arpa/inet.h.

the SOL_ macros are moved to sys/socket.h where they are in the
reserved namespace (SO*). they are still accessible via netinet/in.h
since it includes sys/socket.h implicitly (which is permitted).

the SCM_SRCRT macro is simply removed, since the definition used for
it, IPV6_RXSRCRT is not defined anywhere. it could be re-added, this
time in sys/socket.h, if the appropriate value can be determined;
however, given that the erroneous definition was not caught, it is
unlikely that any software actually attempts to use SCM_SRCRT.

based on patch by Timo Teräs.